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Tanzania, the largest country in East Africa which is divided into 31 regions, 26 on the main land and 3 on Zanzibar Island and 2 on Pemba island, hence it includes the spice islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, and Mafia. Furthermore it is divided into 169 districts. Tanzania is also a home of tallest mountain in Africa and the tallest free-standing mountain in the world Mt. Kilimanjaro, commonly referred to as the Roof of Africa. Kilimanjaro rises 5,895 meters (about 19,341feet) above sea level. Kilimanjaro, a dormant volcano, is snowcapped even though it is near the Equator. The breathtaking natural beauty of Mt. Kilimanjaro inspired the legendary author Ernest Hemingway to camp at its slopes and wrote one of his famous novels “Snows of Mt. Kilimanjaro.” Also African Population consists of more than 120 ethnic groups. Over 120 languages are spoken in Tanzania. Most of these are Bantu languages, a category of over 535 languages and dialects that are spoken throughout Africa. But Swahili and English are the official languages. Several indigenous languages are also spoken. In Tanzania also there is Mpingo Trees (a.k.a. Africa Blackwood trees) which are thought to be the most expensive hardwood trees in the world. Tanzania has the largest concentration of wildlife animals per square kilometers, with more than four millions of wild animals and representatives of 430 species and subspecies. Tanzania is among the few countries in the world endowed with such a vast range of tourist attractions which includes 16 national parks, 17 game reserves, 40 controlled conservation areas and marine parks that are located in the Northern and Southern parts of the country. More than 25% of Tanzania’s land area of about one million square kilometers is covered with magnificent game reserves and national parks. The miles long silver sand beaches and the rich historical site of the spicy islands of Zanzibar are yet another attraction that Tanzania is blessed with.
Tanzania weather and climate is tropical on the coast, on the islands, and in Selous. It is temperate inland and in the other parks. Tanzania weather has two distinct annual rainfall patterns, which prevail in different areas of the country: In the south, west, south-west and central regions of Tanzania, there is one rainy season, which occurs between December and April. The weather in the northern and eastern regions of the country is characterized with two rainy seasons. The 'short rains' last from October to December, and the 'long rains' last from March to May. The warm Tanzania climate in summer lasts from mid-December 'till March, roughly corresponding with the rainy period of the south, west, and central region of the country. Winter, from June to October, is dry and cold across the country. Tanzania's climate in the mountain regions are notable exceptions to its complex but otherwise regular conditions. Temperatures on Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru drop below freezing at night. Climate in Tanzania between June and August can be very cold at the Ngorongoro Crater, but Pemba Island is lovely at this time of year. Conditions improve greatly later in the year; Ngorongoro is wonderful from October to December, when the short rains occur.
Tanzania is considered as the cradle of mankind because here, in the Olduvai Gorge, Dr Louis Leakey discovered the fossilized remains of Homo habilis, calculated to be 1.75 million years old and the forerunner of modern man. Tanzania was occupied by various African tribes most recently the Maasai who have retained their proud traditions for many years. Arab merchants visited the coast some 2,000 years ago and settled in Zanzibar around the eighth century and later establish trade routes into the interior. The intermarriage of Arabs and local people created a new people with their own language- Kiswahili (Swahili) whose word for Journey "Safari" has become the international description of a trip into the Wild. The Portuguese established temporary settlements in the 16th century, followed by the Omanis in the late 17th century who developed the infamous slave trade. The scramble of Africa by the European powers at the end of the 19th century led to occupation of the mainland by Germany although Zanzibar becomes a British protectorate. After World War 1, Germany was forced to surrender its territory to the British. Tanganyika, as the mainland was then known, achieved independence in 1961. Zanzibar become independent two years later and shortly afterwards joined with the mainland to become the United Republic of Tanzania. During 11th February 2013, in ceremony held in Arusha-Tanzania, to announce winner of the seven natural wonders of Africa, Tanzania was recognized as a leading nature destination in Africa. Out of the selected seven natural wonders of Africa, three of the world heritage sites of Tanzania, namely Kilimanjaro national park(Mount Kilimanjaro),the Ngorongoro conservation area(Ngorongoro crater) and the Serengeti national park( Serengeti migration) were voted into the celebrated list.
Tanzania covers 937,062 sq km making it the largest Country in Eastern Africa. Just south of the equator, it borders Kenya and Uganda in the north, United Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi in the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique in the south. It is therefore a splendid center from which explore eastern, central and southern Africa. Through the interior runs the Great Rift Valley, that vast fault line down the spine of Africa that, in Tanzania, has created many fascinating topographical features such as the Ngorongoro Crater, Serengeti and Lake Tanganyika. The central plateau (1,200m above sea level) is a huge expanse of savannah and sparse woodland. To the north, Mount Kilimanjaro 5,895 m (19,341 ft) is the highest mountain in Africa. While the interior is largely arid, the 800 Km coastline is lush and palm-fringed as are the Islands of Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia.
Tanzania’s climate is predominately tropical. Coastal areas are usually hot and humid, but on the beaches a sea breeze cools the air considerably. The average day temperature is 30°C. Tanzania has two rainy seasons – the long rains from late March to June and the short rains from November to January. The long rains fall in heavy downpours, often accompanied by violent storms, but the short rains tend to be much less severe. The hottest time of the year is from December to March, before the long rains begin. The coolest months are June, July and August, when the weather is often overcast. In high-altitude areas such as Kilimanjaro and the Ngorongoro Highlands, temperatures can fall below freezing.
The best time for travelling to the safari regions is dry winter months of July to September. December and January are also good for the wildebeest migration around Ndutu Ngorongoro area and Serengeti south and eastern. Animal Migration in East Africa refers to the movement of animals between Serengeti (Tanzania) and Maasai Mara (Kenya). In late May - early June wildebeests and zebras begin their annual migration from western Serengeti through the northern of Serengeti to the Mara crossing the Mara River. They reach Maasai Mara Park early August depending on rain season. After the short rains in the month of November, the herds move back into Serengeti National Park and make their way to the southern pastures where they rest and feed. Then they go back north in their annual migration once again. Wildebeest give birth in late January - mid March, with thousands of births. This happens frequently in southern of Serengeti and Ndutu Ngorongoro area.
Valid passport: Most visitors to Tanzania must require a visa to enter the country. Three month single-entry tourist visas are available at Tanzanian embassies in almost all countries where our tourists come from. This is the Tanzania Immigration web site for obtaining a visawww.immigration.go.tz/index.php/en/services/visa-information.Unless you are on the list of referred countries you may obtain a visa at any of the official entry points into Tanzania (airports, land crossings, and ports).
Departure tax from mainland Tanzania is included in the price of your ticket; however in Zanzibar there is a departure tax payable at the airport.Also there is a tax levied on passengers within Tanzania.
Banks and bureau de change are available at airports and in all major towns. Banking hours are from Monday – Friday 8.30am – 3.00pm, Saturday 8.30am – 1.30pm. A few branches in the major towns are open until 4.00pm. Please note that banks are closed on Sunday.
Practically sitting on Equator, Tanzania enjoys a tropical climate but associated with some challenges of tropical diseases such as Malaria and yellow fever in some of regions so it is advisable to take a few health precautions when traveling to make sure that your trip goes as comfortably and smoothly as possible. Though the yellow-fever vaccination is no longer officially required when entering Tanzania, (but this is still a requirement if you wish to visit Zanzibar). Other vaccinations should be considered, for more information you can contact your doctor in advance for your visit.
Tanzania is a safe country to travel in. Tanzanians are warm-hearted and generous people and are eager to help visitors get the most out of their stay. Tanzania is a politically stable, multi-democratic country. As in all countries, a little common sense goes a long way and reasonable precautions should still be taken, such as locking valuables in the hotel safe and not walking alone especially at mid night.
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